Los fumadores tienen el doble de riesgo de padecer degeneración macular y cataratas que los que no fuman.

La catarata es un 40 por ciento más frecuente entre los fumadores debido a la acción directa que ejercen las sustancias tóxicas del humo en los ojos y también porque el pulmón libera elementos químicos que llegan al globo ocular a través de la sangre.

Además fumar más de 40 cigarrillos al día triplica el riesgo de ceguera producida por la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE). Del mismo modo, los fumadores diabéticos corren el riesgo de desarrollar retinopatía diabética, una afección producida por los daños en los vasos sanguíneos de la retina y que causa visión borrosa o distorsionada y que puede terminar en ceguera.

RETINOPATÍA DE LA PREMATURIDAD

De hecho, el tabaquismo puede afectar también a la úvea, la capa intermedia de la pared ocular, que se hincha y se pone rojiza, provocando enrojecimiento ocular, dolor y problemas de visión. También afecta a la sequedad del ojo y provoca daños en el nervio óptico, lo que también puede desencadenar ceguera.

«En el caso de estar embarazada, el tabaquismo también puede dañar los ojos del bebé ya que fumar durante el periodo de gestación aumenta el riesgo de parto prematuro, lo que puede incrementar la posibilidad de sufrir la denominada retinopatía de la prematuridad, por lo que el bebé podría tener pérdida de visión permanente o ceguera», han zanjado los expertos.

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